Belaga settlers venture into gaharu, swiftlet farming.
BELAGA: Settlers from Lepo’ Badeng Sungai Koyan in Belaga, Kapit yesterday ventured into a high potential agriculture namely the cultivation of gaharu or agarwood and swiftlet farming.
Badeng community through Syarikat Baro Brothers Enterprise signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Mikuni Biotech & Life Science (M) Sdn Bhd (MBL), a subsidiary of Mikuni (M) Sdn Bhd to develop the high potential agricultural system as part of poverty eradication programme for the community in Sungai Asap.
Signing on behalf of the community was community leader Penghulu Nyurang Ului while Mikuni Biotech and Life Science was represented by its director Nishikawa Kazuhiko.
“The programme is part of our company corporate social responsibility (CSR) to empower community and Belaga district with the means to be involved and improve their socio-economic development which had been affected due to construction of Bakun dam project,” Kazuhiko told The Borneo Post after the ceremony.
Through the programme it is hoped that settlers and Belaga in general will be economically independent through the natural resources such as agarwood and swiftlets, Kazuhiko added.
Kazuhiko disclosed that Mikuni Biotech & Life Science will be providing technologies and knowledge to the community to make traditional gaharu or agarwood plantation internationally acceptable by controlling quality of wood and products.
It is important that international traders make commitment for long-term basis with more controlled quality of woods.
“The programme is also to develop and export new agarwood-elated products including seed and sidling export from the state of Sarawak in more organised way.
“Through research and development, we are hoping to develop other new ethnic products (herbal medicine) acceptable to international market,” said Kazuhiko.
The company will support swiftlet farming or industries by providing basic information and ‘music’ box to invite swiftlets to the house.
The programme or the system, Kazuhiko said will be able to generate income from the bird’s nest export to the international market.
Similar swiftlet project is now being promoted in Mukah by Sarawak Economic Development Corporation (SEDC).
Similar method will be applied by the company for another product to generate income to the Belaga district and community.
“By realising all these, we will continue to support Belaga district and its community in economical manner (not political) by receiving full support from University Putra Malaysia (UPM) Bintulu Campus, so that they can contribute and play direct and active role in socio-economic development of their own community and Belaga in general,” he added.
Kazuhiko believed and was confident that Belaga district could create own influence to Sarawak and the community economic development through cultivation of agarwood and swiftlet farming.
Settler Okang Lepun when asked for comment on the programme said: “I believe that they (agarwood and swiftlet) will be able to improve our economic stand.
“Some of us have been collecting agarwood from the jungle before. The production is only in small scale and not lucrative enough as we don’t know and don’t have the technology.”
According to Okang, they have been traditionally collecting agarwood from the area.
However, the activity has been almost put to a stop or reduced following the clearing of the jungles in giving way to the construction of Bakun dam.
Okang believed that other settlers from other resettlement in Belaga would also be interested in the cultivation of agarwood and swiftlet farming. BP
HARGA GAHARU
INVEST IN AGARWOOD GAHARU AS GOLD INVEST
GAHARU VIETNAM 2
SINDIKET CURI GAHARU TUMPAS
SINDIKET CURI GAHARU TUMPAS 31 DIS 2011
GAHARU DIRAMPAS UPP
Aquilaria Crassna Pierre
Taxonomy and Nomenclature
Family: Thymelyaceae
Synonyms: none
Distribution and habitat
Uses
Botanical description
Open fruit with two seeds.
Fruit and seed description
Harvest
Family: Thymelyaceae
Synonyms: none
Vernacular/common names: agar wood, eagle wood (Eng), bois d’eaigle, bois daloes (France), tram huong, Do bau (Vietnam), kritsanaa (Thailand, Laos). Related species of interest: Aquilaria is represented by a number of species in SE Asia - Pacific. The taxonomic status of some of them is uncertain. Some important species are A beccariana van Tiegham, A. banaensis Pham Hoang Ho, A. subintegra Ding Hou and A. malaccaensis Lam.
Distribution and habitat
Naturally distribution signifi cantly reduced by selective cutting. Mainly occurring south of 19º N in Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand. In Vietnam widely distributed, from central Vietnam southwards to Phu Quoc island (Kien Giang province). It is light demanding, occurring scattered in natural forest on rocky, shallow ferralitic soil, often along streams. Altitude range mainly 300-900 m.a.s.l. Annual rainfall around 1200 mm.
Uses
The main product is agar wood or eagle wood, which is a deposit of dark brown aromatic resin in the wood. Agar wood is produced in some old trees (at least 15-20 years old), presumable by some stress factors such as mechanical injuries, bacterial or fungal attack. Agar wood is used e.g. in temples as perfume wood. Aquilaria wood can be destilled and then yield an essential oil, which is used in the perfume industry. Both agar wood and Aquilaria oil is very much sought after and the species is disappearing from many of its original growth sites. However, the species is also cultivated, frequently planted around houses and home gardens, and large scale industrial plantations have been initiated in Vietnam.
Large evergreen tree, 15-20 (-30) m, and diameter up to 40-60 (occasionally 100) cm. Bark greyish-brown, slightly fi ssured, easy to peel off, smooth. Inner bark wet with much water. Branches nearly horizontal, not straight. Crown open. Leaves alternate, coreaceous, elliptical, petiole 4-5 mm, blade 8-13 cm long 3.5-5.5 cm wide, upper surface glossy and green, lower surface light coloured. Infl orescence umbellate, axillary or terminal. Flowers small, pale blue-yellow, fragrant, fi ne-haired, pedicel up to 1 cm long, fl oral tube campanulate, 4 mm long.
Open fruit with two seeds.
Fruit and seed descriptionFruit: fl attened, dehiscent, obovoid capsules, 3-3.5 cm long, 2.5-3 cm wide with 2 valves, each with 1 seed. Capsule hard or leathery when dry, with short greyish-yellow hairs and persistent calyx. When capsules open on the tree, the seeds hang from a 5-6 cm long prolonged funicle. Seed: glossy black, ovoid, about 5-6 mm diameter, 4 cm long including a 3-3.5 cm long, twisted, tail like pubescent appendage. There are about 4500-5000 seeds per kg. Nearly mature still closed fruits
Flowering and fruiting habit
In southern Vietnam the tree flowers in February and fruits in May-June. In Central Vietnam (Quang Binh) it flowers in March and fruits in July Acquilaria crassna. From: Vietnam Forest Trees
HarvestFruits are harvested from the trees when they turn from green to yellow but before the capsules open. Harvest time is crucial because the seeds have very short viability after acquiring maturity.
Processing and handling
Capsules are dried under shade or moderate sun until they open. The seeds are fragile and remain attached to the capsule by the funiculus, and are therefore usually detached by hand. It is recommended to remove the arils before storage as it tends to absorb moisture and cause rotor fungal attack.
Storage and viability
The seeds are oil rich, recalcitrant with very short viability. In a storage experiment seeds the best storage condition was 25% moisture content and 8°C in folded plastic bags. After 1 months storage at these conditions viability declined from 41% to 22 %; the viability was ‘0’ after 2.5 months of storage. The experiment also showed that storage time is significantly prolonged when the seed is stored cold, i.e. at 8°C.
Dormancy and pretreatment
Dormancy and pretreatment
There is no dormancy and pretreatment is not necessary.
Sowing and germination
Germination is epigeal. Because of the recalcitrant nature, sowing should be as soon as possible after collection. Seeds are sown shallow in sand or nursery soil with only the seed part covered, the tail remaining above the soil. Germination starts after 10 days and may be spread over one month.
Phytosanitary problems
Seeds without the arilus removed tend to collect moisture and decompose rapidly.
Vegetative propagation
Root cuttings as well as air layering appear easy provided application of rooting hormones and appropriate microclimate. Also propagated by tissue culture.
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How to inoculate Gaharu for its valuable resin?
How to inoculate Gaharu for its valuable resin?
Inoculation is a method was developed to induce the production of gaharu in young plantation trees. The trees are wounded or inoculated in a specific manner and the gaharu production as the natural defence response is supported by applying specific treatments. This method can ensure the sustainable production of gaharu in plantation trees.
The artificial inoculation process involves creating holes on a karas tree, filling them with fungal pathogen, and sealing them off with wax
Produced only by “sick” trees infected by fungi, this highly sought after fragrant resin has a cohort of uses, from aromatherapy to spa baths, decorative furniture, perfume, chopsticks, weapon holders, massage oil, joss sticks and items of medicinal value.
After four to six years, upon maturing, the trees will be injected with fungal pathogens to trigger gaharu production, and this can be harvested after five months to a year.
Inoculation is a method was developed to induce the production of gaharu in young plantation trees. The trees are wounded or inoculated in a specific manner and the gaharu production as the natural defence response is supported by applying specific treatments. This method can ensure the sustainable production of gaharu in plantation trees.
The artificial inoculation process involves creating holes on a karas tree, filling them with fungal pathogen, and sealing them off with wax
Produced only by “sick” trees infected by fungi, this highly sought after fragrant resin has a cohort of uses, from aromatherapy to spa baths, decorative furniture, perfume, chopsticks, weapon holders, massage oil, joss sticks and items of medicinal value.
After four to six years, upon maturing, the trees will be injected with fungal pathogens to trigger gaharu production, and this can be harvested after five months to a year.
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